How does exercise affect blood pressure?

During exercise:Blood pressure increases markedly, with
the highest blood pressures occurring during a double-leg press
where average values are 320/250 mm Hg, with pressures reported
as high as 480/350 mm Hg (Journal of Applied Physiology, March
1985).  It is normal to havea blood pressure of 200/70 when you
run on a treadmill.

    After exercise: Just 20 minutes of running on a treadmill
or lifting weights lowers blood pressure for about seven hours of
normal physical activity (Journal of Strength and Conditioning
Research, November2009). 
    People who develop very high blood pressure during
exercise are the ones most likely to develop high blood pressure
in later years (American Journal of Hypertension, April 2004).
These people have arteries that donot expand as much as normal
arteries when blood is pumped tothem.  When your heart beats, it
squeezes blood from inside itschambers to the large arteries. This
sudden bolus of blood causesnormal arteries to expand just as
balloons do when they fill withair. The walls of arteries have
sensors that allow arteries toexpand with each pulse of blood.
If the arteries do not expandenough when blood enters them, blood
pressurecan rise very high. Bloodpressure is determined by the
force of the heart'scontraction times the resistance in the blood
vessels
. Normal blood pressureis 120 when the heart contracts
and 80 when it relaxes. Duringexercise, the heart beats with
increased force to raise bloodpressure.
    Ninety percent of North Americans will develop high blood
pressure
, whichincreases risk for heartattacks, strokes, kidney
damage
and sudden death. High blood pressure usually occurs in
people who have normal blood pressures when they were young.
If you have an exaggerated blood pressure rise during exercise,
you should go on a heart attack prevention program that includes
a diet that is high in plants and low in meat and refined
carbohydrates, regular exercise, losing weight if overweight, not
smoking, and avoiding stimulants or drugs that raise blood
pressure.

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